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Objective@#To investigate the hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge among clinicians in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the evidence for intensified training and improved diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C among clinicians.@*Methods@#In November, 2021, clinicians were sampled using a stratified random sampling method from a city-level and a county (district)-level hepatitis C designated hospital in Jiaxing City. A questionnaire survey was performed using the Questionnaire for Hepatitis C Prevention and Control Knowledge among Clinicians, and the awareness of basic knowledge, professional knowledge and related knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control among clinicians were descriptively analyzed. @*Results@# A total of 186 questionnaires were allocated and 179 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate was 96.24%. The respondents included 107 men (59.78%) and 72 women (40.22%) and had a mean age of (37.06±9.46) years. There were 107 respondents with a bachelor degree (59.78%), 56 with junior professional titles (31.28%), and 170 from non-infectious disease departments (94.97%). The awareness of basic hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge was 96.09%, and the awareness of “Transfusion of blood containing hepatitis C virus may acquire hepatitis C” was high (98.88%), and the awareness of “Hepatitis C can be cured” was low (77.09%). The awareness of professional hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge was 3.91% to 100.00%, and the awareness of “Pathogens of hepatitis C” (100.00%) and “Recommended screening populations for hepatitis C” (86.59%) was high, while the awareness of “There are two categories of hepatitis C cases: clinically diagnosed cases and confirmed cases” (3.91%) and “Clinical diagnosis of hepatitis C: positive anti-HCV antibody + any one of abnormal liver function or epidemiological history or clinical symptoms” (3.91%) was low. The awareness rates of “The state has included antiviral agents against hepatitis C into medical insurance” was and “Antiviral agents against hepatitis C are reimbursed in outpatient and inpatient departments of our hospital” were 81.56% and 59.78%, respectively. There were 69 clinicians participating hepatitis C-related training within one year (38.55%), and the awareness of clinicians that had participated in hepatitis C-related training had a higher awareness rate of basic hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge than those without participation (100.00% vs. 93.64%, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The awareness of basic hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge is high among clinicians in Jiaxing City; however, the training on diagnosis and classification criteria of hepatitis C and related medical insurance policy require to be improved.
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Objective@#To investigate the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2019, so as to provide insights into improvements of the therapeutic effect of pulmonary tuberculosis. @*Methods@#Data pertaining to pulmonary tuberculosis in Jiaxing City from 2017 to 2019 were collected from the Tuberculosis Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, including demographics, treatment classification, sputum culture and drug resistance. The spectrum, types and prevalence of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis to four first-line tuberculosis drugs, including isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), streptomycin (SM) and ethambutol (EMB), was analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method.@*Results@#A total of 1 310 M. tuberculosis isolates were cultured from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Jiaxing City from 2017 to 2019, and there were 259 M. tuberculosis isolates that were resistant to anti-tuberculosis drugs, with an overall drug resistance rate of 19.77%. The prevalence rates of drug resistance to INH, SM, RFP and EMB were 13.36%, 11.83%, 5.50% and 3.59%, respectively. The prevalence of drug resistance was lower in M. tuberculosis isolates from treatment-naïve patients than from retreated patients (18.45% vs. 34.58%, P<0.05). M. tuberculosis isolates presented high resistance to SM (4.50%) and INH alone (4.35%), the highest resistance to INH-SM combinations (3.28%), and the highest resistance to INH+RFP+SM combinations (1.83%). Sixteen isolates were resistant to all the four drugs, with a drug resistance rate of 1.22%. The proportions of resistance to a single drug, RFP resistance, multidrug resistance and resistance to two and more drugs were 10.31%, 5.50%, 4.73% and 4.73%, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of RFP resistance among all patients and treatment-naïve patients both showed a tendency towards a rise from 2017 to 2019 (P<0.05). The prevalence of RFP resistance (7.01% vs. 3.76%) and resistance to two and more drugs (6.01% vs. 3.25%) was both higher among interprovincial mobile tuberculosis patients than among local non-mobile patients (P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#The overall prevalence of drug resistance was lower in M. tuberculosis isolates in Jiaxing City from 2017 to 2019 than in Zhejiang Province, with INH and RFP resistance as predominant types.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy on cardiac remodeling and function in pressure-overloaded heart failure (HF) mice. Methods: Pressure-overloaded HF mouse model was produced by severe thoracic aorta banding (sTAB). Bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) was performed 2 weeks after sTAB. Twenty four 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomized divided into 4 groups (n=6 each): control group: sham sTAB+sham SCGx; denervated group: sham sTAB+SCGx; HF group: sTAB+sham SCGx; denervated HF group: sTAB+SCGx. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography at week 0, 1, 2, and 4 after sTAB, respectively. All mice were sacrificed at the end of week 4 and heart tissues were harvested. HE and Masson staining were performed. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), adrenergic receptor β1 (AR-β1) and CD68 was performed. Western blot was used to determine the protein expression level of TH, B type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and AR-β1. Results: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) declined continuously in HF group. LVEF was similar between denervated HF group and control group at various time points (P>0.05). LVEF was significantly higher in denervated HF group than in HF group at the end of week 4 (P<0.05). HE staining showed that cross sectional cardiomyocyte area was significantly larger in HF group than in control group and denervated HF group (P<0.05), which was similar between denervated HF group and control group (P>0.05). Masson staining showed that fibrosis level was significantly lower in denervated HF group than in HF group (P<0.05). IHC showed that TH+nerves and CD68+ macrophages were significantly increased in HF mice as compared to control mice (P<0.05), whereas this change was abolished in denervated HF group. AR-β1 was significantly down-regulated in HF group compared with control group (P<0.05), which was not affected by denervation (P>0.05). Western blot demonstrated that the expression level of TH and BNP was significantly higher in HF group compared with the control group (P<0.05), whereas this difference was diminished in denervated HF group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy can reduce sympathetic innervation and macrophage infiltration in pressure overloaded failure heart, thus attenuate cardiac remodeling and improve cardiac function.
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Animals , Male , Mice , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ganglionectomy , Heart Failure , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Stroke Volume , Ventricular Function, Left , Ventricular RemodelingABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the epidemiological characteristics and differences of HIV-positive cases among 15-24 years old in Jiaxing city and provide evidence for the development of targeted prevention and control measures.@*Methods@#A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of HIV cases aged 15-24 reported in Jiaxing from 1999 to 2018.@*Results@#A total of 375 cases of young HIV were reported in 1999-2018, with an average age of 21.29±1.90 years, of which 42 were students. The ratio of male to female was 2.47∶1. The proportion of foreign household registration was higher (76%, 285 cases). The proportion of off-campus youth cases in total cases showed a downward trend(χ2=8.26, P=0.00), but the proportion of student cases showed an upward trend(χ2=15.73, P<0.01). Off-campus youth cases were mainly heterosexual transmission(59.16%, 197 cases), and the students’ cases were mainly homosexual transmission(88.10%, 37 cases). There were significant differences in gender, age, household registration, education level, route of transmission, late detection, CD4 level and source of detection among students and off-campus adolescents(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of AIDS in adolescents and students is worthy of attention. The characteristics of adolescents inside and outside the school are different. Targeted prevention measures should be taken to reduce the harm of AIDS to young people.